Turismo selvagem: por que devemos evitá-lo?
Interação de turistas com a vida selvagem prejudica os animais e fortalece o cativeiro
Por Juliana Tahamtani- São Paulo
Muitos turistas viajam com o intuito de interagir com animais selvagens. Quem nunca sonhou em nadar com golfinhos, fazer carinho em um leão ou, até mesmo, andar nas costas de um elefante? Pois é, parece um sonho, não? E esse tipo de interação é muito comum em diversos parques turísticos ao redor do mundo, e o turismo selvagem mobiliza uma indústria trilionária.
De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Turismo, o turismo de vida selvagem representa entre 20% e 40% do valor anual gerado pela indústria turística no mundo, uma soma de aproximadamente US$ 1,5 trilhão. Considerando que se conectar com a natureza, conhecer o habitat dos animais, ter dinheiro para gerenciar projetos e manter áreas de proteção ambiental é um coisa boa, esse tipo de turismo ainda não trás nenhum benefício para a vida selvagem e pode ser muito prejudicial para os animais que vivem em cativeiro.
O mal do cativeiro
Especialistas contam que manter qualquer animal selvagem em cativeiro é problemático, pois nenhum cativeiro no mundo tem a capacidade de reproduzir a vida natural que esses animais teriam se estivessem na natureza.
Não se trata apenas de providenciar comida, água e abrigo para o animal. Eles têm muitas outras necessidades, como caçar para sobreviver e percorrer grandes distâncias. Por isso, os animais entram em uma rotina que não é natural e o tédio acaba se tornando um problema sério dentro dos cativeiros.
Sempre que as atividades com vida selvagem envolvem interação, os bichos sofrem algum problema emocional, o que pode provocar vários desequilíbrios, como torná-los dependentes da alimentação por humanos, provocar doenças, fazê-los brigar entre si por comida ou acelerar de forma anormal a reprodução de uma espécie e alterar o ecossistema do lugar.
Lion Park e Lujan
Um exemplo de turismo cruel com animais em cativeiro é o Lion Park, em Johanesburgo, na África do Sul. O Lion Park permite aos visitantes entrar nos ambientes onde os filhotes de leões são mantidos para fazer carinho e tirar fotos. Depois de uma certa quantidade de visitas, os filhotes são trocados de ambiente, e outros, que ainda não foram submetidos à interação, entram no lugar, como um rodízio de leões.
Os filhotes são arrancados de seu habitat natural e separados de suas famílias desde muito cedo e são obrigados a conviver com milhares de turistas, todos os dias, que pagam caro para interagir com esses filhotes.
Outro caso polêmico é o Zoológico argentino de Lujan. O lugar permite que os visitantes entrem em jaulas para acariciar leões adultos e interagir com tigres e onças. Milhões de críticas quanto aos cuidados dos animais foram feitas ao parque, que está sob investigação, pois há a suspeita de que os animais sejam seriamente dopados.
A ONG internacional World Animal Protection (Proteção Animal Mundial), que desenvolve um trabalho importante na conscientização sobre o turismo com animais, estima que aproximadamente 110 milhões de pessoas no mundo visitam locais que promovem turismo cruel com animais silvestres. E outro dado da Wildlife Conservation Research Unit (WildCRU) aponta que 550 mil animais silvestres sofrem no mundo todo por causa de atrações turísticas irresponsáveis.
Acabar com a crueldade no turismo com animais depende de regulamentação e fiscalização dos governos, que muitas vezes precisam auxiliar a população para obter outra fonte de renda. Além disso, depende das decisões éticas por parte dos operadores de turismo e indivíduos que trabalham nessa indústria.
Mas também depende em grande parte de nós, viajantes. Afinal, enquanto existir gente procurando essas atrações, esse tipo de turismo persistirá. É importante sempre viajar de forma consciente e responsável.
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